![Crossing the 4th Industrial Revolution Rubicon? – The 9 Pillars of Industry 4.0](https://odi.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/industry-2692459_960_720-790x395.jpg)
What do the 9 pillars of Industry 4.0 mean to us in the manufacturing field, or to any other field for that matter? The Fourth Industrial Revolution like its predecessors before 1IR – Water and Steam Power Engine (1784); 2IR – Mass Production using Electrical Energy (1870); 3IR – Use of PLC and IT systems for Automatio